[Python] Python libraries one-line summary

Text libraries

String

The String library allows formatting a string using built-in constants, substitution, alignment, notations, and templates.

Re

The Re library allows regular expression matching.

Difflib

The Difflib library allows comparing sequences and produces a result file or a ratio of similarity.

Textwrap

The Textwrap library allows dealing with the start and end of the string mostly regarding whitespace, indentations, and length.

Unicodedata

The Unicodedata library allows to access the Unicode Character Database and find the Unicode of a word or the word of a Unicode.

Stringprep

The Stringprep allows to check the code whether it matches the specific internet identification format.

Readline

The Readline library allows to read/write and complete a file or a history file of the Python interpreter.

Rlcompleter

The Rlcompleter library allows completion in support of the Readline library.

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Binary data libraries

Struct

The Struct library allows conversions between Python values and C struct binary objects using format strings and buffers.

Codecs

The Codecs library allows managing codecs like text encodings that encode text to bytes.

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Data type libraries

Datetime

The Datetime library allows dealing with dates and times.

Zoneinfo

The Zoneinfo library allows dealing with time zones.

Calendar

The Calendar library allows dealing with a calendar object.

Collections

The Collections library allows using container datatypes such as deque.

Collections.abc

The Collections.abc library allows using abstract base classes for inheritance so that the developer can clearly know the required functions for implementation.

Heapq

The Heapq library allows using Heapq functions like heappush and heappop so that an array can be used as a heap.

 

Bisect

The Bisect library allows locating and inserting an element in an array while maintaining the sorted order using a bisection algorithm.

Array

The Array library allows to manage a compact basic value array object that restricts the element type. 

Weakref

The Weakref library allows making a weak reference of an object.

Types

The Types library allows creating of new types and using type-related functions.

Copy

The Copy library allows shallow and deep copy which the default Python = cannot.

Pprint

The Pprint library allows using a pretty printing class that prints arrays, tuples, and so on pretty with the argument settings.

 

Reprlib

The Reprlib library allows making size-limited string object representations.

Enum

The Enum library allows making an enumeration class.

Graphlib

The Graphlib library allows using a TopologicalSorter class.

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Math libraries

numbers

The Numbers library allows using abstract base classes of complex, real, rational, and integral numbers so that users can implement them on their own.

math

The Math library allows using many mathematic operations like ceil, floor, exp, log, and so on.

cmath

The CMath library allows using mathematic operations for complex numbers.

decimal

The Decimal library allows more advanced float numbers and operations.

fractions

The Fractions library allows fraction calculations.

random

The random library allows generating a range of random numbers.

statistics

The Statistics library allows statistical calculations.

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Functional programming libraries

itertools

The Itertools library allows using easy-to-use iterations of various types like pairwise, permutations, and combinations.

functools

The Functools library allows supporting functions that act on or return other functions.

operator

The Operator library allows using elaborated version functions of simplified functions, add(x,y) for +, for example, and in-place version functions.

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File and Directory access libraries

pathlib

The Pathlib library allows using OS-appropriate filesystem paths.

os.path

The OS.path library allows using many useful functions on pathnames.

fileinput

The Fileinput library allows opening multiple files in a row.

stat

The Stat library allows interpreting the status of a file generated by the OS.stat library and so on.

filecmp

The Filecmp library allows comparing files and directories.

tempfile

The Tempfile library allows creation of temporary files and directories.

glob

The Glob library allows matching the pathnames with Unix shell rule specified patterns like ., *, and ?.

fnmatch

The Fnmatch library allows using Unix shell wildcards that are not the same as regular expressions.

linecache

The Linecache allows getting many lines from a Python file by using a cache.

shutil

The Shutil library allows copying, removing, moving, and archiving of a collection of files.

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Python data persistence libraries

Pickle

The Pickle library allows the read/writing of Python data like lists, dictionaries, and tuples.

Copyreg

The Copyreg library allows copying in support of the Pickle library.

Shelve

The Shelve library allows managing the dictionary-like objects where the values can be Python data.

Marshal

The Marshal library allows the reading/writing of the 'pseudo-compiled' code for Python modules of '.pyc' files.

Dbm

The Dbm library allows managing the database.

Sqlite3

The Sqlite3 library allows easy managing of the database.

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Data Compression libraries

zlib

The Zlib library allows compressing and decompressing files using Zlib.

gzip

The Gzip library allows compressing and decompressing files using Gzip.

bz2

The Bz2 library allows compressing and decompressing files using Bz2.

izma

The Izma library allows compressing and decompressing files using Izma.

zipfile

The Zipfile library allows compressing and decompressing files using common compression standard Zip.

tarfile

The Tarfile library allows compressing and decompressing files using Tar including Gzip, Bz2, and Izma.

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File Format libraries

csv

The CSV library allows managing CSV files.

configparser

The Configparser library allows managing configuration files like INI files.

netrc

The Netrc library allows managing netrc files used by FTP clients.

plistlib

The Plistlib library allows managing .plist files used by Apple.

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Cryptographic libraries

hashlib

The Hashlib library allows using many hashing algorithms.

hmac

The Hmac library allows using the HMAC algorithm for message authentication.

secrets

The Secrets library allows generating cryptographically strong random numbers to be used as passwords.

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OS libraries

os

The OS library allows using OS functions like file and directory managing.

io

The IO library allows using IO functions.

time

The Time library allows using Time functions.

argparse

The Argparse library allows making a user-friendly command line interface easily.

getopt

The Getopt library allows parsing the command line arguments.

logging

The Logging library allows making an event logging system.

logging.config

The Logging.config library allows configuring the logging module.

logging.handlers

The Logging.handlers library allows using handlers for the logging module.

getpass

The Getpass library allows prompting passwords.

curses

The Curses library allows handling Unix terminal.

curses.textpad

The Curses.textpad library allows using text input widgets for Curses.

curses.ascii

The Curses.Ascii library allows using name constants for ASCII characters and functions for Curses.

curses.panel

The Curses.Panel library allows using panels for Curses.

platform

The Platform library allows knowing the computer's hardware and software information.

errno

The Errno library allows using standard Errno system symbols.

ctypes

The Ctypes library allows using C-compatible data types and calling functions in DLLs or shared libraries.

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Concurrent libraries

threading

The Threading library allows using a higher-level threading interface on top of the lower-level _thread library.

multiprocessing

The Multiprocessing library allows using spawning processes similar to the Threading library.

multiprocessing.shared_memory

The Multiprocessing.shared_memory allows managing the shared memory that is to be accessed by processes.

concurrent.futures

The Concurrent.futures library allows using a high-level interface for parallel tasks.

subprocess

The Subprocess library allows managing processes.

sched

The Sched library allows using an event scheduler.

queue

The Queue library allows using multi-producer, multi-consumer queues that are good at information exchange between multiple threads. 

contextvars

The Contextvars library allows managing context variables in asynchronous frameworks.

_thread

The _thread library allows using low-level primitives, or light-weight processes, for multiple threads.

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Networking and Interprocess Communication libraries

asyncio

The Asyncio library allows using the async/await syntax for IO-bound and high-level structured network.

socket

The Socket library allows using the socket for low-level networking.

ssl

The SSL library allows using TLS(Transport Layer Security)/SSL(Secure Sockets Layer) wrappers for socket objects.

select

The Select library allows OS-level primitives of waiting for I/O completion.

selectors

The Selector library allows high-level I/O multiplexing.

signal

The Signal library allows defining handlers to be executed when a signal, or an asynchronous event, is received.

mmap

The Mmap library allows using memory-mapped file objects that can be used like bytearray and file objects.

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Internet Data Handling libraries

email

The Email library allows managing the email object.

json

The JSON library allows the encoding and decoding of JSON objects.

mailbox

The Mailbox library allows managing on-disk mailboxes.

mimetypes

The Mimetypes library allows the conversion between filename or URL and the MIME(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) type.

base64

The Base64 library allows the encoding and decoding of binary data to ASCII characters.

binhex

The Binhex library allows the encoding and decoding of files in binhex4 format to be used as Macintosh files.

binascii

The Binascii library allows many conversions between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations.

quopri

The Quopri library allows the quoted-printable transport encoding and decoding.

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Structure MarkupProcessing Tools libraries

html

The HTML library allows managing HTML.

html.parser

The HTML.parser library allows parsing text files formatted in HTML.

html.entities

The HTML.entities library allows using HTML general entities dictionaries.

xml.etree.ElementTree

The XML.etree.ElementTree library allows the parsing and creating of XML data.

xml.dom

The XML.dom library allows managing DOM.

xml.dom.minidom

The XML.dom library allows using a minimal implementation of DOM.

xml.dom.pulldom

The XML.dom.pulldom library allows using a 'pull parser' which can produce DOM-accessible fragments of the document.

xml.sax

The XML.sax library allows using SAX(Simple API for XML).

xml.sax.handler

The XML.sax.handler allows using five SAX handlers.

xml.sax.saxutils

The XML.sax.saxutils allows using many SAX utilities.

xml.sax.xmlreader

The XML.sax.xmlreader allows using XML parsers, or readers.

xml.parsers.expat

The XML.parsers.expat allows using fast XML parsers.

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Internet Protocols and Support libraries

webbrowser

The Webbrowser library allows displaying web-based documents.

wsgiref

The WSFIref library allows using WSFO(Web Server Gateway Interface) to communicate between web server software and Python web applications.

urllib.request

The URLlib.request library allows opening URLs.

urllib.response

The URLlib.response library allows handling responses with a minimal file-life interface.

urllib.parse

The URLlib.parse library allows parsing URLs into components like path, params, and port.

urllib.error

The URLlib.error library allows using the exception classes to handle exceptions raised by URLlib.request.

urllib.robotparser

The URLlib.robotparser library allows handling robots.

http

The HTTP library allows using many HTTP status codes and messages.

http.client

The HTTP.client library allows using the client side of the HTTP and HTTPS protocols.

ftplib

The FTPlib library allows using the client side of the FTP protocol to perform many automated FTP jobs and handle URLs that use FTP.

poplib

The POPlib library allows using a connection to the POP3 server and protocol.

imaplib

The IMAPlib library allows using a connection to the IMAP4 server and protocol.

smtplib

The SMTPlib library allows using an SMTP client session object that can send email to any internet machine with an STMP or ESMTP listener.

uuid

The UUID library allows generating version 1, 3, 4, and 5 UUIDs.

socketserver

The Socketserver library allows the easy making of network servers.

http.server

The HTTP.server library allows making HTTP servers.

http.cookies

The HTTP.cookies library allows making cookies, an HTTP state management mechanism.

http.cookiejar

The HTTP.cookiejar library allows the automatic handling of HTTP cookies.

xmlrpc.client

The XMLrpc.client library allows writing client code that handles the details of translating between Python objects and XML for XML-RPC(Remote Procedure Call) that uses XML passed via HTTP as a transport.

xmlrpc.server

The XMLrpc.server library allows using a basic server framework for XML-RPC servers written in Python.

ipaddress

The IPaddress library allows managing IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and networks.

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Multimedia Services libraries

wave

The Wave library allows reading/writing WAV sound files.

colorsys

The Colorsys library allows conversions between RGB and other 3 systems, YIQ, HLS, and HSV.

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Internationalization libraries

gettext

The Gettext library allows localization and internationalization for Python applications.

locale

The Locale library allows using the POSIX locale database and functionality.

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Program Frameworks libraries

turtle

The Turtle library allows drawing intricate shapes easily.

cmd

The CMD library allows writing line-oriented command interpreters.

shlex

The Shlex library allows writing lexical analyzers for simple syntaxes that resembles the Unix shell.

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Graphical User Interfaces libraries

tkinter

The Tkinter library allows using the Tcl/Tk GUI toolkit.

tkinter.colorchooser

The Tkinter library allows using the color picker dialog window.

tkinter.font

The Tkinter.font library allows using various fonts.

tkinter.messagebox

The Tkinter.messagebox library allows using message boxes.

tkinter.scolledtext

The Tkiter.scrolledtext library allows using a vertically scrolled text widget. 

tkinter.dnd

The Tkinter.dnd library allows using the object drag-and-drop function.

tkinter.tkk

The Tkinter.tkk library allows using Tk-themed widgets.

tkinter.tix

The Tkinter.tix library allows using many additional Tk widgets.

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Development Tools libraries

typing

The Typing library allows using type hints.

pydoc

The Pydoc library allows using a documentation generator and online help system.

doctest

The Doctest library allows verifying pieces of text whether they work exactly as shown.

unittest

The Unittest library allows unit testing like JUnit.

unittest.mock

The Unittest.mock library allows replacing parts of the testing system with mock objects and making assertions about how they have been used.

test

The Test library allows using regression tests for Python.

test.support

The Test.support library allows supporting regression tests.

test.support.socket_helper

The Test.support.socket_helper library allows supporting socket tests.

test.support.script_helper

The Test.support.script_helper library allows supporting script execution tests.

test.support.bytecode_helper

The Test.support.bytecode_helper library allows supporting bytecode generation tests.

test.support.threading_helper

The Test.support.threading_helper library allows supporting threading tests.

test.support.os_helper

The Test.support.os_helper library allows supporting OS tests.

test.support.import_helper

The Test.support.import_helper library allows supporting import tests.

test.support.warnings_helper

The Test.support.warnings_helper library allows supporting warnings tests.

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Debugging and Profiling libraries

bdb

The Bdb library allows using basic debugger functions like setting breakpoints or managing execution.

faulthandler

The Faulthandler library allows dumping tracebacks.

pdb

The Pdb library allows using an interactive source code debugger.

timeit

The Timeit library allows measuring the execution time of code.

trace

The Trace library allows tracing statement execution.

tracemalloc

The Tracemalloc library allows tracing memory blocks.

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Software Packaging and Distribution libraries

distutils

The Distutils library allows building and installing Python libraries.

ensurepip

The Ensurepip library allows bootstrapping the pip installer into an existing Python installation.

venv

The Venv library allows the creation of lightweight virtual environments.

zipapp

The Zipapp library allows managing the zip files containing Python code.

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Python Runtime Service libraries

sys

The Sys library allows using variables and functions related to the interpreter.

sysconfig

The Sysconfig library allows accessing Python's configuration information like installation paths and configuration variables.

builtins

The Builtins library allows accessing Python 'built-in' identifiers.

__main__

The __main__ library allows knowing the name of the top-level environment of the program and the __main__.py file in Python packages.

warnings

The Warnings library allows warning the user.

dataclasses

The Dataclasses library allows using a decorator and functions that add generated special methods like __init__() and __repr__().

contextlib

The Contextlib library allows using utilities related to the 'with' statement.

abc

The Abc library allows using the infrastructure for making abstract base classes.

atexit

The Atexit library allows registering cleanup functions so that they are automatically executed on termination.

traceback

The Traceback library allows printing a stack trace of a program.

__future__

The __future library allows for avoiding some errors caused by the version change.

gc

The Gc library allows managing the garbage collector.

inspect

The Inspect library allows type checking, getting source code, inspecting classes and functions, and examining the interpreter stack of live objects like libraries, classes, methods, functions, and so on.

site

The Site library allows using a site-specific configuration hook.

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Custom Python Interpreter libraries

code

The Code library allows using read-eval-print loops for an interactive interpreter prompt.

codeop

The Codeop library allows using utilities for the Code library.

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Importing module libraries

zipimport

The Zipimport library allows importing modules from zip files.

pkgutil

The Pkgutil library allows using utilities for the import system.

modulefinder

The Modulefinder library allows finding modules imported by a script.

runpy

The Runpy library allows locating and running modules without importing them first.

importlib

The Importlib library allows using the implementation of the 'import' statement and creating a custom importer to participate in the import process.

importlib.metadata

The Importlib.metadata library allows accessing the installed package metadata.

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Python Language Service libraries

ast

The Ast library allows processing trees of the abstract syntax grammar.

symtable

The Symtable library allows accessing the compiler's symbol tables that contain the scope of every identifier.

token

The Token library allows using constants that represent the numeric values of leaf nodes of the parse tree.

keyword

The Keyword library allows determining if a string is a keyword or a soft keyword.

tokenize

The Tokenize library allows using a lexical scanner for source code that is useful for 'pretty-printers'.

tabnanny

The Tabnanny library allows detecting ambiguous indentation.

pyclbr

The Pyclbr library allows browsing modules.

py_compile

The Py_compile library allows generating a byte-code file from a source file.

dis

The Dis library allows analyzing the bytecode by disassembling it.

pickletools

The Pickletools library allows using various tools for pickle developers.

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MS Windows Specific Service libraries

msvcrt

The Msvcrt library allows using useful capabilities on Windows platforms.

winreg

The Winreg library allows accessing the Windows registry.

winsound

The Winsound library allows using Windows basic sound-playing machinery like a beep.

Unix Specific Service libraries

posix

The Posix library allows accessing OS functionality.

pwd

The Pwd library allows accessing the Unix user account and password database.

grp

The Grp library allows accessing the Unix group database.

termios

The Termios library allows using POSIX calls for tty I/O control.

tty

The Tty library allows using functions for putting tty into cbreak and raw modes.

pty

The Pty library allows handling the pseudo-terminal concept like starting another process and reading/writing from its controlling terminal programmatically.

fcntl

The Fcntl library allows performing file control and I/O control on file descriptors.

resource

The Resource library allows for measuring and controlling resources.

syslog

The Syslog library allows using the Unix syslog library routines.

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Superseded Module libraries

aifc

The Aifc library allows reading/writing AIFF(Audio Interchange File Format) and AIFF-C files.

asynchat

The Asynchat library allows making asynchronous clients and servers and handling protocols easily.

asyncore

The Asyncore library allows using the basic infrastructure for writing asynchronous socket service clients and servers.

audioop

The Audioop library allows useful operations on raw audio data.

cgi

The Cgi library allows many utilities for CGI(Common Gateway Interface).

cgitb

The Cgitb library allows using a special exception handler.

chunk

The Chunk library allows reading IFF(Interchange File Format) chunked data.

crypt

The Crypt library allows checking Unix passwords.

imghdr

The Imghdr library allows determining the type of image contained in a file or byte stream.

imp

The Imp library allows accessing the 'import' internals.

mailcap

The Mailcap library allows handling the mailcap files.

msilib

The Msilib library allows reading/writing .msi (Microsoft Installer) files.

nis

The NIS library allows using Sun's NIS.

nntplib

The NNTPlib library allows making the client side of the Network News Transfer Protocol.

optparse

The Optparse library allows parsing command-line options.

ossaudiodev

The OSSaudiodev library allows accessing the OSS(Open Sound System) audio devices.

pipes

The Pipes library allows using shell pipelines.

smtpd

The SMTPd library allows making SMTP(email) servers.

sndhdr

The Sndhdr library allows determining the type of a sound file.

spwd

The Spwd library allows accessing the Unix shadow password database.

sunau

The Sunau library allows reading/writing Sun AU files.

telnetlib

The Telnetlib library allows making a Telnet client.

uu

The Uu library allows encoding/decoding of uuencode files.

xdrlib

The Xdrlib library allows encoding/decoding of XDR(External Data Representation) data.